Ethics And Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 801 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? The field of ethics and integrity research is rapidly gaining traction because it focuses on the identification of interventions that would lead to the improvement of individual behaviors in society. Existing studies have developed varying definitions of ethics and integrity. Ethics refers to the moral principles that govern the behaviors of a person (Carroll 11; Jurkiewicz and Maesschalck 5). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethics And Integrity" essay for you Create order Integrity, on the other, refers to the quality of being honest and demonstrating strong moral principles (Jurkiewicz and Maesschalck 5). Ethics and integrity, as their definitions reveal, are highly interrelated concepts because they both outline the moral principles that govern an individual in his or her actions. The definitions of ethics and integrity sampled above have important implications in academics because they enable students to develop strong moral characters characterized by integrity, honesty, and responsibility, among other moral principles. Students acquire behaviors and actions associated with respect, honesty, social responsibility, and truthfulness through cultural socialization in the school settings (Carroll 21). Carroll (21) argues that children are not born with strong moral behaviors. They acquire these behaviors through interaction with different parties in society. The school environments are the most important settings for the acquisition of these behaviors since children spend a significant amount of their time in school. As such, schools which instill behaviors that are in line with the behaviors specified within the definitions of ethics and integrity are likely produced students who demonstrate a high degree of honesty and integrity. Research findings have pointed increasingly to the holistic effect of a culture of ethics and integrity on educational measures such as characters of students. For example, a school environment that allows a culture of ethics and integrity to thrive often produce students that demonstrate a high degree of honesty and responsibility in their careers (Jurkiewicz and Maesschalck 7). Ethics, as defined in the previous section, involves the moral principles governing the behaviors of individuals. In education, the important moral principles that help guide the behaviors of students include honesty, respect, and social responsibility. For example, students may apply the moral principle of honesty in their learning processes by adhering to the highest standards of academic honesty. Schools that have academic integrity policies which clearly define forms of dishonest behaviors such as lying cheating, and plagiarism, often produce highly responsible students into the society, especially in the workplace environment. When these students enter the different workplaces, they challenge their companies to produce their products while ensuring a high degree of responsibility in society. Most businesses operating in the current economies are believed to be motivated by profits at the expense of promoting important values such as integrity, transparency, and honesty. However, when students from schools with strong ethical cultures become stakeholders in these businesses, they help foster an environment in which honesty and social responsibility are acknowledged. To this extent, one can argue that students whose behaviors and actions are governed by the moral principles highlighted in the definition of ethics often become important members of society. The definition of integrity highlighted in the previous section also play important role in shaping the character of students. Research studies on integrity reveal that individuals should be honest in their endeavors and should be able to stand up for what they believe is right. As summarized by Jurkiewicz and Maesschalck (13) in their study, students that learn integrity in the classroom are able to apply similar principles to other aspects of their lives. Students taught in schools today would become leaders tomorrow (Jurkiewicz and Maesschalck 13). Therefore, it is important to teach students the importance of demonstrating strong moral principles in all aspect of their lives. For example, students should be taught the importance of conducting themselves with impartiality and fairness when analyzing situations, especially when conducting research studies. Accordingly, when they become leaders in the future, students would be able to apply the characters of impartiality and fairnes s when making critical decisions that affect the lives of many people. In other words, the students would grow up understanding the importance of avoiding conflict of interest during decision-making processes. Ethics and integrity are the hallmarks of good character. School environments that adopt a culture of ethics and integrity play important role in producing that students that demonstrate strong moral principles such as respect, impartiality, social responsibility, transparency, and honesty. The students are able to apply these principles in different aspects of their lives such as in the workforce. Students grow up having a clear understanding of the importance of doing the right things or standing up to what they believe is right. Therefore, in the future, the field of ethics and integrity research should focus on ascertaining the most effective ways for implementing a culture of ethics and integrity in all schools, as it is integral for ensuring that students are taught to become morally upright individuals in the society.

Women During World War I - 1445 Words

In World War I, almost, 30,000 women served in the military in noncombat position.. In World War II, 400,000 women served. After World War II, the government allowed only 2% of women to serve in the military, and now 15% of women are serving the military. In 1948, women were given permanent status in the military excluding navy ships and air force combat. By 1994, there were more opportunities for women in various units in the military, navy, air force, and marines except combat unit. In 1994, women were banned from ground combat in the United States (â€Å"Women in Combat Policy†). According to Rosenberg and Philips, in 2013, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta removed the restriction on women to serve in combat. In 2016, almost†¦show more content†¦Women in combat in the military is described as qualified women who serve on the war front in battle like rangers, navy seal, air force, and marine corps infantry. The Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter ordered the military to open all combat positions for women on December 3, 2015 (Kamarck). The physical incapabilities, mental stress, and inadequate performance in unit cohesion supports my claim that women should not be allowed in combat. First, my opponents claim that women have already performed equal physical tasks as men in combat. However, according to Michaels, this claim is partly true as very few women passed the test required to be in combat. Scarborough reports that out of 113 women who registered for the Ranger Training Assessment Program only twenty were eligible for the course. Out of twenty, one dropped out and the remaining nineteen failed to pass the course, of which the top eight were sent back to restart the course. Moreover, in 2015, only two women graduated from the Ranger Course in the history of the United States of America (Yan, Starr, and Scott). According to Kube, Captain Kristen Griest is one of those two women who graduated the Ranger Course and also she became the first fem ale combat officer in 2016. As mentioned by Sharp, physical fitness is measured by three compositions of the body, which are the muscular

Honda Cars Free Essays

Honda Cars uses in its manufacturing, the state of the art facilities that set standards in the world market (specifically in automotive industry). The company utilized a leading edge painting facility, occupies a full dip paint system based on CED (Cationic Electro Deposition) bath, to guarantee faultless coating, accurate adhesion and anti-corrosion. The cars produce mainly by Honda also guarantees customer’s satisfaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Honda Cars or any similar topic only for you Order Now Honda employs strict measures to produce quality cars throughout the international market. The produced (cars) are subjected to strict inspection and testing. The company tests the products at Vehicle Quality section to minimize company defects and ensure that cars performed at its crest. Upon release to the dealers, the company determines the products (head and toe, wheel) alignment at the company’s G-SWAT and headlight tester. The company tests the running performance (optimum speed), clutch, breaks, and shifting levels at Brake Speed Tester. Other tests consist of Water Leak Tests, Side Slip Test, Visual Inspection and Simulation Test. This test evaluates the performance of the products at different road condition. Sales / Distribution Honda Cars is mainly based in Japan and its branches are spread in the world market. The company in its home country produces quality and good price to Japan. Over the years, through its success, the company maintained a sole proprietor / producer of Honda cars. The company does not join other automobile companies to expand their production. The company maintained its own stlye and makes an icon in the international market. In the recent years (2000-2007, Honda cars was hammered by other big automobile companies in the world market. The company’s introduction of their products in Europe was thrashed by American and European-based car companies. But, the company is still in the line of making and produce cars in the international market. General Motors General Motors / GM was known with its production of unique interiors and bodylines. The company’s goal was, ‘To provide the finest vehicles possible to every customer in every market around the globe.’ General Motors Corporation is the world’s largest producer / seller of cars in the world market. Based in U.S.A., the company is present in 33 countries with an employment rate about 284, 000 people around the globe. In 2006, General Motors produced; â€Å"Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall, Buick, Cadillac, Holden, HUMMER, Opel, and Pontiac†. The company’s biggest sales in its home country (U.S.A.), proceeds by United Kingdom, Canada, China and Germany. The company made a strategy to expand its production in the world market through Minority Dealer Development. It is bilingual in nature; both the dealers and the company benefit (hefty advantage to the company). It is directed through different companies and directs in human resources (training) and dealership. Today, the General Motors had access throughout the globe; from country to country, cities from cities, overcoming production of sole proprietors of cars. The company sweeps away competition among other car companies and still leading the automobile industry. Sales / Distribution The company focuses in partnership to other car companies around the globe and developed profound relationships to its customers. General Motors is the leading / major stockholder of GM Daewoo Auto and Technology Co. of South Korea and collaborates with Suzuki Motor Corp. and Isuzu Motors Ltd. of Japan. In addition, the company engaged in research and technology advancement with BMW AG (Germany), DaimlerChrysler AG and Toyota Motor Corp. (Japan). Also, the company gambles investing Renault SA of France, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp. of China, Toyota, AVTOVAZ of Russia and Suzuki. GM Powertain under General Motors put for sale GM engines and transmissions. Parts and Accessories are retailed via GM Service and Parts Operations under Gm Performance Parts, ACDelco, and GM Good wrench. This supplies GM dealerships and distributors worldwide. Salesperson Profile Salesperson assist customers to acquire what they need and attempt to make them interested in buying your product / merchandise. Retail salespersons are highly ‘in demand’ and competitions in this job are high. Employers do prefer college graduate in sales; college graduate people take an advantage over high school graduates. In layman’s term, a good salesperson needs to have skills in communication. He / She do not only require good education but also needs to be industrious, creative and with talent in chatting with common people (buyers). His / Her talent in making people believe in his / her products will definitely make him / her best in selling products / produced goods. Employers would definitely choose salesperson with talent rather than a common salesperson. Work Cited Honda: The Power of Dreams (2007). URL http://www.hondaphil.com/ourcompany.php?id=2. Retrieved September 14, 2007. Mckay, Dawn Rosenberg. Retail Salesperson: Career Information (2007). URL https://www.thebalance.com/retail-salesperson-526064. Retrieved September 14, 2007. How to cite Honda Cars, Essay examples

Discipline free essay sample

Machiavelli has a theory that ends justify the means which means a person may do whatever they need to do as long as their outcome has some meaning. In sports some believe that taking steroids is the right thing to do. Then there is also the group that believes that taking steroids is morally wrong. From an ethical/moral standpoint, players who use steroids are cheating and living a lie, garnering success and prospering from illegal substances. Users who buy into Machiavellis theory go against societys standards of rewarding hard work and discipline. When you take steroids you do not use hard work and discipline to reach your physical status. Taking steroids is a harm that reaches far beyond ones body, but into ones soul. It is morally wrong to cheat for a living. Those who oppose the illegality and immorality of performance-enhancing drugs maintain that professional athletes should have the right to use steroids because steroids are no different from any other technology or substance that enables athletes to compete at high levels. Although advances in technology in sports have been made that only allows the sports to become more competitive. Ones body is not a piece of equipment that can be used, abused, and replaced. Using enhancers such as, anabolic steroids, allows beings to become almost super human an act of immorality. In Steve Yuhas’ essay, â€Å"The Steroid Scandal in Baseball has been Overblown,† he explains a profound understanding that steroids cannot increase the abilities of an athlete. Overall steroids do not help the abilities taught to professional athletes or athletes in general. Yuhas states that â€Å"Yes, they can become stronger and their biceps may grow to the size of a normal person’s thigh, but that doesn’t make them able to hit a small ball with a thin bat and it certainly doesn’t make a football player throw more accurately or kick the ball through the uprights with more precision† (Yuhas 2). Abilities are taught and learned. Steroids do not help the ability of the athlete. He is a believer of Machiavellis theory; he believes that an athlete does not have to work hard to achieve a mentally and physically stronger body when they can just pop a pill to do the work for them. Yuhas’ argues, â€Å"There seems to be a [†¦] scale of morality involved in steroids that is absent from any other substance. Popping a pill to render a child more productive in school or to make a fat person thin is great; sucking the fat out of a womans behind or injecting a forehead with botox is simply cosmetic upkeep, but put something in your body that makes you more competitive in your livelihood and it is somehow morally corrupt† (Yuhas 2). Although Yuhas makes a substantial argument there is a thin line between what is morally wrong and what is right. Athletes use steroids to become stronger to earn more money and fame for themselves. Society looks upon steroid use as an immoral judgment. Steroid use for athletes is a selfish and greedy act. People may use botox to prevent â€Å"Father Time†, but that is not a reason for professional athletes, who are role models to so many, to use steroids. A human beings competitive livelihood is apparent to all. When someone wants to become the best they are willing to work hard for it and not cheat. When you use steroids you do not become the greatest athlete, but you do become the worst. Despite the recent problems with steroid use in professional sports, especially baseball, steroid restrictions have not been enforced hard enough on the athletes. Steroids used by one-person gives them an advantage over those who do not use performance enhancers. Due to steroid use, sports records held by elite athletes are being broken by false feats that are only achieved by using an enhancer, and enforcing steroid use in professional sports gives young athletes a better understanding of how dangerous enhancers actually are. Aside from personal harm to the user, steroid use is detrimental to fellow players as well as fans. Many things can be included as an immoral act but in today’s society steroid use is a main point on what is morally wrong. Baseball is an American pastime and ruining the game is a bad example to all Americans. Americans have a livelihood for competition, from clinching the World Series to who can belch the loudest. Our conscience urges competition to an extreme that makes the littlest of things very big. While performance-enhancing drugs enhance an athletes skill sets, they devalue and alter competition. When you go to a baseball game you only want to see a few things, which include that huge homerun by your favorite player and the win to your favorite team. Some would argue that using steroids will allow more homeruns to players and would make baseball games more entertaining. Well those few people may be right but then the game would not be competitive. If you go to a game and each team hits five to eight homeruns apiece the urge to see homeruns and watch the game would be ruined. Records are always broken, each decade a more outstanding athlete emerges and they begin at a record pace and break great athletic records. Records are something to glorify, Babe Ruth had the record homeruns in a season, then a few years later that was broken by another player, Roger Marris. As the game began to become more competitive in both aspects of pitching and hitting records were difficult to break. Hitters began to hit the long ball harder and further, the change in the athletes muscle mass was exponential but players and the MLB did not care. Baseball had many fans, as Mark McGwire had been his record-breaking homerun pace. His record was set by a lie as he attested to using steroids during that record breaking year and his lie caused much hurt to fans as it had embarrassed the franchise. Later Barry Bonds broke the record and broke the all time homeruns in a career passing Hank Aaron. Not long after that he was accused of using steroids and then again a franchise was embarrassed. The pressure on baseball players is indirect; it comes twice a month, on paydays. The big money goes to guys who hit thirty homers, not the ones who hit thirty doubles. It pays to be strong; it is almost like an animalistic behavior. Only the strongest survive. Are athletes the role models needed for American youth? Many young athletes have their favorite player in whichever sport they partake in. Seeing their idol admitting to using steroids could possibly corrupt their mind in believing that steroid use is the right thing to do to become a stronger and better athlete. Beyond any possible benefits of steroid use lies the dangerous issue of health. In many cases, athletes (especially young athletes) are so focused on success in a professional sport that they are ignoring the glaring consequences of steroid use. In actuality, the price of steroid use and abuse is high; much higher a price than any lucrative contract or marketing deal. â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that heart attacks, strokes, and live cancer are the more serious life-threatening effects of steroid abuse. Side effects for male users include acne, hair-loss, development of breasts, shrinking testicles, and impotence. † (qtd. In Fletcher D4). Yet another way in which steroids harm the user is through increased susceptibility to injuries. One theory is that players are overwhelming their bodies with rapid muscle growth. Players who use steroids to gain a competitive advantage over peers and opponents pressure others, including youth, to use performance-enhancing substances. If they too want to win and remain competitive, they must use steroids as well. In baseball, as with all professional sports, income, fame, and marketability depend on success and impressive feats of athleticism. The pressure and increased incentive to bulk up is evident. â€Å"The average size of a major-league player was a pretty standard 6-foot-1, 185 pounds for at least 30 years, until the early 1990s. Today, the average player is 6-foot-1, 200 pounds, and most teams have players who weigh in at 240 pounds or more. † (West 22). Bigger players hit more home runs and sign lucrative contracts and endorsement deals. Because of this, more players want to be bigger. As more and more players are tainted by steroids it begins to affect more and more of the youth that watches sports. Steroids have directly affected the biggest fans in baseball, America’s youth. Besides cheapening statistics and athletic accomplishments, the use of performance-enhancing drugs has tarnished the general image of baseball. Instead of a game that encourages healthy competition, it is one that resembles a pharmacological trade show, where the effects of steroids are put on display. Baseball is known as Americas pastime. It holds a special place in American society. The values of society are reflected in the values of its most popular and revered cultural pastimes. When the message is sent that it is acceptable to have a drug problem in sport, it is akin to saying that this staple of American culture is reflective of a drug problem in society. Some would argue that baseball is a reflection of a culture mired in drugs and a society that is lacking quality role models for its youth. One of the biggest blows to baseballs image came in August 2005 when slugger Rafael Palmeiro, who has collected over 3,000 hits and has hit nearly 600 home runs during his career, tested positive for steroids. † (Fletcher D1). The former first baseman for the Baltimore Orioles was booed relentlessly and was told by the team after the season he would no longer be part of the team. Palmeiro is since retired; his hall-of-fame numbers are still in question. As we have seen, the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport, specifically baseball, is an immoral practice. As seen steroid use does in fact directly affects fans and the teammates that the player plays with. Drug testing baseball players cannot be foolproof. In fact, all the testing does is keep players from using optimal dosages and encourage them to find ways to mask the drugs. The only infallible test for steroid use is a players moral compass. As soon as players identify not using steroids as a moral obligation, for both personal reasons and beyond, the game of baseball and its once-great warriors will return to the apex of the sporting world.

The Major Transition Seen in the Story of Tom Brennan free essay sample

The major transition seen in the story of Tom Brennan is from the start of the novel where Tom is isolated to see him develop to his renewed self, their fore successfully transitioned into the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Transition Seen in the Story of Tom Brennan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The audience first see’s this transition when he speaks to his sister Kylie. Often people look to others for support and help for a successful transition into the world. Another major transition is the physical running with Brennan which is metaphorical for training to enter a new world. This transition is described by J. C. Burke in descriptive language, dialogue, metaphors and idiomatic first person narration. In the movie crash by Paul Haggis and the RTA ad ghost boy explore similar techniques to display successful and unsuccessful transitions into the world. Burke uses descriptive language in order for the audience to relate to Toms inner struggles with guilt. Guilt can be the most destructive emotion and disables any hope of transitioning into the world. Burke describes Toms guilt as â€Å"that night was etched into the bones of my skull† this shows the audience the pernancy of the memory and the pain and suffering endured with the memory. The audience feels at this point of the book that Tom will not transition into the world. But in comparing this quote to the final quote â€Å"and that’s the day Tom Brennan came back forever† shows a triumph that the imagery of having memories â€Å"etched into the bones of my skull† contrasts and shows that the transition was possible. However some individuals have these etched memories remaining in the bones of [their] brain an example in the RTA ad ghost boy where the main character keeps seeing the boy he killed in a car crash. Numerous life occasions of the man show his guilt and pain through the destructive expression on his face. It is evident that the transition into the world was not made for the main character in ghost boy as the memory of killing the little boy is still â€Å"etched† into his life and mind. This must be over come just like Tom and Kylie have in different pathways in order to transition into the world successfully and guilt free. Tom acts as Moral support for Kylie as she makes her transition into the world, but this mentoring also acts as a peak of change in Toms self actualisation which enables his own transition into the world. Burke communicated the evolution into the world with dialogue between Kylie and Tom â€Å"I feel so†¦ so†¦ guilty† the ellipse provokes empathy from the audience as it shows Kylie is struggling to admit the guilt that weighs her down. To transition into the world successfully guilt must be overcome. Tom supports Kylie in overcoming her guilt as he says â€Å"it’s no ones fault† this comforts Kylie as she is assured that she is not to blame. However through releasing Kylie of much guilt Tom himself realises that nobody is to blame. This comprehension is told though first person narration of Toms idiomatic genuine voice. He sees his sister not coping and in helping her, helps himself. This is a significant moment that shows transition as it shows Tom has come to terms that no one is to blame, he has over come. Guilt is overcome in the movie crash as Ryan who molests Christine overcame the guilt he felt through saving her life. The heroic nature of Ryan crawling into a burning car supported with triumphant music expresses this release of guilt by helping others may it be saving ones life or telling them â€Å"it’s no ones fault†. Helping others can often enables ones self to make a successful transition into the world.

Free Essays on Natural To The End

Natural to the End "Stand with anybody that stands right, stand with him while he is right and part with him when he goes wrong." – Abraham Lincoln Loyalty cannot be bought, sold, or traded. Loyalty must be achieved through the admiration of your peers. Loyalty is giving your word and sticking to it – not compromising your morals when the going gets tough or when you are presented a better deal somewhere else. A man who is admirable possesses the traits of loyalty. Crichton is admirable and remains loyal to the end. When the time is right, he parts. Is it natural to remain loyal? We must first establish a definition of naturalness in the framework of the text. In The Admirable Crichton, whatever is natural is right. English social hierarchy is natural to the characters in the play. Crichton possesses respect for the system, for he immersed himself in it for a great deal of his life. However, his respect does not evolve out of fear or intimidation, rather, out of his understanding of the important role masters and servants naturally play in civilization. Crichton’s immersion into and understanding of the hierarchal system explains the significance of what comes naturally in the play; moreover, it lays the foundation for his loyalty. His position on hierarchy and social order is parallel to the stance Darwin, a British naturalist, established in the 19th century; stating social adaptations, herein to hierarchy, are natural for humans. In Act I, Lord Loam and Lady Mary speak to Crichton regarding the division into classes, and they discuss if these divisions are natural or artificial. LORD LOAM: [†¦] Can’t you see, Crichton, that our divisions into classes are artificial, that if we were to return to Nature, which is the aspiration of my life, all would be equal? [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦] CRICHTON: The divisions into classes, my lord, a... Free Essays on Natural To The End Free Essays on Natural To The End Natural to the End "Stand with anybody that stands right, stand with him while he is right and part with him when he goes wrong." – Abraham Lincoln Loyalty cannot be bought, sold, or traded. Loyalty must be achieved through the admiration of your peers. Loyalty is giving your word and sticking to it – not compromising your morals when the going gets tough or when you are presented a better deal somewhere else. A man who is admirable possesses the traits of loyalty. Crichton is admirable and remains loyal to the end. When the time is right, he parts. Is it natural to remain loyal? We must first establish a definition of naturalness in the framework of the text. In The Admirable Crichton, whatever is natural is right. English social hierarchy is natural to the characters in the play. Crichton possesses respect for the system, for he immersed himself in it for a great deal of his life. However, his respect does not evolve out of fear or intimidation, rather, out of his understanding of the important role masters and servants naturally play in civilization. Crichton’s immersion into and understanding of the hierarchal system explains the significance of what comes naturally in the play; moreover, it lays the foundation for his loyalty. His position on hierarchy and social order is parallel to the stance Darwin, a British naturalist, established in the 19th century; stating social adaptations, herein to hierarchy, are natural for humans. In Act I, Lord Loam and Lady Mary speak to Crichton regarding the division into classes, and they discuss if these divisions are natural or artificial. LORD LOAM: [†¦] Can’t you see, Crichton, that our divisions into classes are artificial, that if we were to return to Nature, which is the aspiration of my life, all would be equal? [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦] CRICHTON: The divisions into classes, my lord, a...

Lev S. Vygotsky's Sociohistorical School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lev S. Vygotsky's Sociohistorical School - Essay Example aradigm in psychological research, which would surpass narrow objectivism of behaviorism and subjectivism of James’ and Wundt’s introspective psychology. It focuses on human development in order to make a general conclusion about the work of the mind in active state. Vygotsky and his followers focused on non-adaptive nature of character and mechanisms of development of higher mental functions. Defining the main purpose of psychological observations as the objective study of human consciousness, members of Vygotsky’s school discovered a role of cultural considerations and cultural mediators such as a word, sign, symbol, myth, in the development of higher mental functions, personality development and its phenomena. According to his socio-historical theory, the main difference between a man and animal is conditionalism of human behavior and development due to socio-cultural factors. There are two types of human mental functions, â€Å"natural† - organic and â€Å"higher† - social and cultural. The first are predominantly determined by genetic factors, while the latter are formed on the basis of the first under the influence of a social impact. The importance of socio-historical conception of Vygotsky is not so much in justifying symbolic determination of human consciousness, as in the attempts to understand a sign, symbol, text as a tool for expanding consciousness into socio-historical perspective which is not imposed on a subject by society, but is chosen, in a varying degree of self-consistency, from