The Heart of Change Organizational Behavior free essay sample

Introduction Change is one of the most basic and consistent basis of life, it is constant throughout every aspect of our lives. Even with its consistent nature and ever presence, it is our human nature to avoid and resist it. The Heart of Change, by John Kotter and David Cohen (2002), shows the processes by which all the negative atmosphere around change can be made to be positive and change can be effective. Kotter and Cohen focus on redirecting attitudes about change and minimizing the disruptions and aberrations caused by change. The pair lay out an eight step method of effectively creating organizational change. These steps run a great parallel to the text, Organizational Behavior and Management, by Ivancevich, Konopaske, and Matteson, (2011). The two methods are not the same, but are a great study for to gain an understanding of different approaches and outcomes of change. Discussion The Heart of Change (Kotter, Cohen 2002) begins with a reminder that change is not driven by spreadsheets, numbers, and calculations, rather are driven by emotion, feeling, and passion. When change is needed within an organization, it driven by unanimous feelings among employees and staff and these feelings are driven by emotional drivers that convince people that change is absolutely needed. For example managers may look at a financial statement, with a very poor sales margin, which evokes feelings of disappointment, frustration, and a desire for more. No one likes those feelings and therefore decisions are made that may prevent those feelings. These decisions or changes are not made because the sales margin was 15 percent, but were instead made because of the emotions and feelings that 15 percent evoked. That number could have been 10 or 20 percent could have still evoked the same feelings, therefore the number itself did not cause the change. Just as Kotter and Cohen explain, the authors of the text Organizational Behavior and Management state that change is absolutely necessary, especially because of the ever developing business environment. Things such as globalization, technology, shifting demographics, new markets and more are emotional stimuli that evoke the need for change, and that change must be fast and people must be able to change and adapt to that change as fast as it happens. The authors feel that change is absolutely necessary in order to advance within a career, improve productivity, and manage several different roles within an organization at just about a nonstop pace. This analysis of change runs a very close parallel to that described by Kotter and Cohen. (Ivancevich, et al, 2008) Creating a sense urgency is the first step in Kotter and Cohen’s initiative for creating effective change within an organization, which can be used in any facet of life. A feeling of urgency catapults employees toward a common goal. It encourages team building and the development of camaraderie, as well as lending itself to spotlighting potential future leaders. The authors liken it to pushing a large boulder up a very large hill, where everyone must come together and work together in order to get the task accomplished, as a team. (Kotter Cohen, p. 15, 2002). This sense of urgency will aid in facilitating the creation of the leading group and develop the teamwork needed to create the change. The text parallels creating a sense of urgency, but instead addresses it as energizing employees throughout the organization. It states that if all employees, no matter their rank, are energized about a project or a goal there is a much higher prospect of success. (Ivancevich, et al, p. 522, 2008). Energizing refers to the emotion or attitude, set by internal or external forces, toward a change that is already in motion. Internal forces are those such as management and employees who lack the efficiency or adequacy to effectively do their job causing a need for change. External forces include economic and global changes and others that are out of our control. This differs a bit from Kotter and Cohen, who use urgency to create change. Once a sense of urgency has been established, the next step begins, which is Team Building. Team building begins with the formation of a group. The Authors of both readings clarify that a team is a well-developed group with a sense of cohesion which allows team members to rely on one another and work both independently and dependently. Kotter and Cohen add that a team must also develop a sense of trust, which is accomplished through the interdependence of the team. (Kotter Cohen, p. 50, 2002). Once a cohesive team has formed, a vision must be developed. This vision sets the plan for the change strategy. The vision is what sets the first two steps in motion. The vision may be influenced by many different factors, but Kotter and Cohen lay out four possibilities, including budgets, plans, strategies, and visions. These are all features that may not necessarily be defined only by the team itself. The team must be able to delegate certain tasks to other groups in order to facilitate change. Kotter and Cohen explain that people outside the team may be critical in providing information and in creating the best process. (Kotter Cohen, p. 68, 2002). The use of teams in the change process is the first area where Ivancevich, et al, stray from parallel to Kotter and Cohen. The text, here on in, approaches change a bit differently than in â€Å"The Heart of Change. † The text puts a higher emphasis on the structural approach to change. The structural approaches are those such as task and technology, people, multifaceted, and appreciative inquiry. The text approaches insure that the manager remains in the primary roles, delegating and maintaining. It seems as though these approaches would work well when paired with other aids, such as â€Å"The Heart of Change. † After the vision is established, employees must now accept and fully believe in the reality of the change. Employees must be able to understand and relate to the need and process of the change in order to buy into it and all the change to occur. This step is the one that most often leads to failed change. It fails primarily because the vision is not clear or well communicated. After the vision is set, the text refers to a charismatic leader, used to instill the vision and lead the steps of change. This leader is able to express what the future could hold and what it will be like once the change occurs. This leader is able to use different communication techniques to tie the needs and goals of individuals to those of the organization. (Ivancevich, et al, p. 459, 2008). Kotter and Cohen give a list of characteristics needed to successfully lead a team, which are very similar to those of a charismatic leader. The list includes features such as communication, vision, and motivation. (Kotter Cohen, p. 46, 2002). The people within the team who possess these characteristics are referred to as change leaders, and unlike in the text, there is often more than one. It is agreed that personality plays a huge role in communicating the vision and getting people to buy into the change. Empowerment is the next step on the road to change. For empowerment to take place, the vision must be unanimously accepted. Here the two sets of authors once again parallel, barriers must be removed before activities and behaviors can be empowered. (Ivancevich, et al. p. 346. 2008) (Kotter Cohen. p. 108. 2002). Barriers can be any number of things, including the shared experience of failed empowerment between employees, poor decision making, unruly managers, the fear of inadequacy or failure, and barriers of the mind. Barriers of the mind, as explained by Kotter and Cohen, are those which cause employees to disempower themselves with bad experiences, failures, and self-defeating attitudes and concepts. There are also knowledge barriers, which cause employees to hold back in fear of negative feedback. (Ivancevich, et al p. 346; Kotter Cohen, p. 112). The purpose of the empowerment step is to be able to navigate these barriers and remove them as they appear, to create a nearly resistance free path. Kotter and Cohen report that people empower one another best when they identify clearly what the obstacles are between them and their goal (Cotter Cohen, p. 120). As soon as barriers are removed and action begins, the measures established during the planning and vision stage must be utilized. Actions and progress alike must be measureable in order to recognize the movement toward, or away from, the goal of change. Successful change efforts consist of an empowered team of people who are very deliberate and concise with their time and planning. The main focus is on tasks that can be done and quickly gain unambiguous, visible, and meaningful developments. Attaining these quick developments are important because they provide a sense of validity when presented to change leaders and to the team and all those involved in the change process. It also helps to establish a sense of certainty for those who may not yet be convinced that the change is good or needed. (Ivancevich, et al, p. 539). Implementing the Method suggests that the appropriate time to implement, and what scale or amount of change is introduced at one time, plays a key role during the action stage. How critical the change is needed is a big consideration to make, and whether it can be implemented in phases or through the entire organization at once should be gauged. Also, can it be phased into the organization level by level or department by department; all mentioned efforts suggesting a short-term win strategy (Ivancevich, et al). Throughout implementation, no matter if it is done in phases or collectively, employees must remain fully informed and momentum maintained to insure their efforts. The more relevant the wins are to the employees’ issues, concerns, and values, the easier it is for them to get behind the process and allow it to continue and grow. (Kotter Cohen, p. 130). Another aspect that often causes failure is calling it quits too early. It is easy for employees to lose their sense of urgency once they begin to see a bit of change. Urgency is a factor that must be maintained within an organization, and may be done so at different levels. It should be maintained at a level in which employees are still alert and recognize when change should continue. (Kotter Cohen, p. 143-144). â€Å"The twenty five page monthly report can be reduced to two. †(Kotter Cohen. P. 154), this idea would allow the delegation of more to those who may even do the job better. The alleviation the delegated work allows the manager to fully manage a team of employees and fight the egotistical self- fulfilling prophecy that only you can do the work, which in turn ultimately undermines your employees and they begin to believe you don’t let them because they actually can’t (Cotter and Cohen, p. 154). The text offers another tool to maintain momentum, which is to offer and acquire consistent feedback throughout the company. (Ivancevich, et al, p. 540). Management needs to receive feedback from employees, as much as, employees need feedback from management. This will also help to keep employees engaged and thinking about change and it’s ever presence, as well as that change should be continual throughout the life of the company in order to contend with economic evolution. (Ivancevich, et al, p. 540-542). The biggest challenges in creating lasting change are overcoming barriers and getting employees to â€Å"buy in† to the change. As set by Kotter and Cohen, in â€Å"The Heart of Change,† there are four general behaviors that obstruct needed change. These behaviors are as follows, complacency, immobilization or self-protection, deviance, and pessimistic attitudes. These behaviors are all actions that create barriers of fear and resistance. People are more apt to look at evidence given for needed change and hold back or complain about initiated action, rather than carefully looking at the evidence and starting to move, which results in the needed change effort not starting at all, or not starting well. (Kotter Cohen, p. 17, 2002). Kotter and Cohen encourage a see-feel-change analysis rather than a think-change process. This process has proven to work through cognitive behavior studies and is seen in an order of operations, thought or perception leading to feeling or emotion, and ending with action or behavior. This process allows for evaluation of actions before any are taken and encourages substandard responses and actions, which aids in change. Conclusion Through this analysis it can be seen that the authors of the text and the authors of â€Å"The Heart of Change,† have taken different but relatable approaches to instilling change within an organization. Kotter and Cohen, of â€Å"The Heart of Change,† use an innovative and almost therapeutic approach; whereas the text takes a process and authoritative approach. Both have their place and may not be appropriate for every change situation, and could also work well together. â€Å"The Heart of Change† gives wonderful examples, testimonials, and the chance to learn from others’ mistakes, but as a manager one must still be able to adjust his path toward and through change to best fit the needs and goals of his company and employees. It also takes the right personality and management style to be able to use Kotter and Cohen’s process. Both the text and â€Å"The Heart of Change† have similar basis and have the same fundamental goal, but different approaches to reach that goal. There is less structure and step by step action in Kotter and Cohen’s method, which alleviates the likelihood that managers and leaders will get stuck in trying to follow step for step in situations where the step for step does not fit, but can allow for some floundering on the same token. The text takes a scientific, step by step action method which also has its share of advantages and disadvantages.

Top Graded Sat Essay Samples Choices

Top Graded Sat Essay Samples Choices Graded Sat Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About If you write quickly when you have everything synthesized, then you will probably want to have more time to analyze the job. Fifty minutes may not appear to be a lengthy time to come up with a well-written answer, but using a calm and practiced approach you are going to have the chance to reveal your very best work. So as to make a high reading score, additionally, it is imperative that you compose a considerable volume. Since you might guess, he's not having a very good day. The question isn't really seeking your opinion. Your very first answer is most likely the correct one. The incorrect reply to the endeavor isn't the close of the world. There's no one-size-fits-all solution to that question. Regardless, a well-written essay will be an extra plus to the test outcome, so this area should be taken under account when preparing for SAT. As soon as it's extremely important to be sure your essay has a very clear viewpoint, strong crucial reasoning, and support for your position, that's not sufficient to secure you a top score. Nothing is worse than realizing your thesis is entirely erroneous. Moral issues became clouded, making it quite flexible evidence for a range of SAT essay prompts. Key Pieces of Graded Sat Essay Samples A standard question regarding SAT scores is whether the entire mess can be prevented by skipping the essay. Each group speaks in a particular way. Compass' content experts also have written a piece on how best to attack the ACT essay. Everything should lead back to the major point in some manner. You'll ideally need to compose two or three practice essays before you sit for the true thing. Write precisely the same word by means of your hand holding the close of the pencil close to the eraser and holding the pencil close to the point. Think of the context of the actual world. Third, make certain you really understand what the writer is saying and how he or she's arguing for it. The very first thing you ought to take note of is how the prompt tells you exactly what sort of elements you should concentrate on to observe the way the author builds their argument. You need to concentrate on the way the author employs reasoning, evidence, and other rhetorical strategies to make an argument and allow it to be convincing. You may feel as if you want to begin writing as fast as possible, but make certain you fully grasp the author's argument thoroughly before beginning. The very last thing you would like is to need to retake the full exam, or, worse yet, not have the ability to apply to a specific college, simply because you took the exam without the essay. Thus, you need to be thoroughly ready for the short-duration assignment. Try to remember that, although it's optional, you still ought to attempt it to make a great impression on the colleges of your sele ction. In case you have some time left, remember to return and check your answers. There is a huge deal of helpful information on the PSAT score report. You must answer 52 questions. Don't worry if a number of the articles you stumble across seem long. If you come across any issues on the website, Smarthinking has lots of different troubleshooting and direct support choices. Thus, the SAT can seem as an overwhelming and hard job to do. A good SAT score is going to be a highly effective weapon in your arsenal when you'll be applying to a superb college. On the 1 hand, percentile scores on this kind of imperfect measure can be quite misleading. There's no composite SAT Essay score (the 3 scores aren't added together) and there are not any percentiles.

Essay Topics For The California Bar Exam

Essay Topics For The California Bar ExamThe California Bar Association (CBA) is holding their February Essay Topic Session, which will likely be the final event before the deadline for essay submissions. After this date, most applicants have a month in which to submit their essay. However, those with a very good or compelling argument that they feel may sway the CBA can submit an extension. Additionally, if they meet the qualifications, they can make their decision to apply for admission before February 1st.Essay Topics are set by the California Bar Association and are generally lengthy. However, there are many topics that are shorter in length. There are some 'shortcut' topics that are more popular than others. That is why it is so important for attorneys to spend time thinking about their topic before they sit down to write their essay.The first question that must be asked before writing a topic is what is the subject? The answer to this question is critical. There are many areas t hat cover everything from legal matters to business matters to personal questions.Most attorneys do not have a problem finding a topic that they are comfortable with. However, when it comes to writing an essay, a topic should tell the reader why they should choose your school of law over others. It should help them to understand why you want to go to law school. In other words, you should discuss why the topic is so important to you.Your topic should also help the reader identify with you. They need to feel as though they are reading about you and not about them. They should be able to visualize you in court, in the office, and even as a family member.As you begin to think about the topic, think about how you can use it to explain yourself. Does your topic show that you are optimistic or pessimistic? Does it help to show that you enjoy life?This means that your topic has to relate to one of the 4 areas of law: family, business, criminal, or civil. This is so that you can have an are a that you will be especially good at, helping you succeed. If you are an expert at family law, but not quite as good at business law, then you will want to highlight that fact and include it in your essay.Writing a topic can be very exciting. It is hard work, but it is also fun! You should also be careful not to give too much away in your essay. That is why it is best to take a bit of time to write your essay, then revise it for edit.

Want Help Writing An Essay Without A Topic? Heres How

Want Help Writing An Essay Without A Topic? Here's HowSo you're stuck for words on an essay and you're confused about how to write an essay without having a topic and just starting with your thoughts? Well, I've got some good news for you. By spending some time and understanding some basic essay tips you'll be well on your way to writing an essay in less than a day.So let's start with the topic. You know that the topic you've been dying to tell someone about and they said they'd never hear from you again. Or the topic that has been assigned to you by your professor for the last four years. Or the topic you want to talk about and yet you're feeling like you don't have anything to say. You should have a topic.I can't stress how important it is to have a good topic. I'll admit that I sometimes get caught up in the writing and forget my topic. However, I would rather have someone read my work than not have the time to write. And since we've already talked about topics, let's talk about c hoosing a topic.Good topic can be really tricky. For example, let's say that the topic you were given is your church history and you're supposed to make a list of the things you learned at church and what you learned. How do you start? Well, I'll be honest with you, the first thing I will look for is the following questions:Why did I choose this topic? Why did my teacher want me to write this essay? What purpose does this have? What other topics would interest me if I had more time?The list goes on. Having these questions will help you answer all the questions I just listed above. You will realize that you don't need to cover everything in your essay. Start with the things that interest you. You might not have all the facts on that topic but you'll be able to cover most of it.That's one basic essay tips you can follow to increase your chances of writing an essay in less than a day. And if you have any ideas for essays that you want to write or can offer tips to others, leave a comme nt below.

Writing Tips - How to Choose a Sample Essay to Teach You the Essay Structure

Writing Tips - How to Choose a Sample Essay to Teach You the Essay StructureThe prospect of a sample TH grade expository essay, in spite of being a long-distance idea at first, is actually an appealing one for many students and academics. While it may seem like a time-consuming task, you can use sample TH grade essays to assess your own writing skills.Different versions of the same piece of essay are available, and you should not have difficulty determining whether you want to hire an editor to compose a version that is standard or creative. Even if you are a professional writer, it is very likely that the demand for more than one kind of academic writing is high. For this reason, getting a sample TH grade expository essay written by an expert will give you a good idea of what to expect when you become a full-time professional.The primary benefit of having a sample TH grade expository essay in hand is that you will be able to determine whether you are comfortable writing in the style of the essay that the professional has written. Most writers prefer the tone of structured essay structure that you will find in a sample essay. In order to make sure that your first drafts of the essay are satisfactory, you can even ask a friend or colleague to critique your first draft.Although sample essays are available for all major subjects, it is usually fair to choose something that is closely related to your area of expertise. You may also consider a topic that is slightly outside your area of interest but is still of a general nature. For example, a subject such as tax issues may well be covered by an expository essay on tax planning or a survey on dog breeders. If you feel confident in your ability to write expository essays, you can try a slightly different angle on the same topic.The advantages of using sample essays as a reference guide are many. In addition to having something you can refer to in your attempts to write your own essay, a sample essay is usually shorte r than the final version. You can devote more time to the writing and not have to worry about editing your work later.The second benefit is that most sample essays have been produced by well-experienced professionals in the field. That means that your problems with making sense of the material will be addressed by professionals who have succeeded in writing the most successful pieces. You will have no trouble identifying weaknesses in your own writing, and you will be able to identify strengths in the work of another writer.Many people think that they need to earn a Master's degree before they can write a dissertation, essay, or report. It is true that degrees in higher education often translate into an excellent command of the language, but the same level of command does not always translate into a command of the essay. This is because while you may be an extremely competent writer, some topics are much more difficult to express in writing than others are to express in speaking.If you need a sample TH grade expository essay to help you fine-tune your style of writing, it would be best to use a sample that comes from someone who already has a high opinion of his or her own abilities. This will enable you to make use of that individual's strengths in order to improve your own writing skills. Even if you do not see the writing sample as a means of learning about yourself, it is probably more valuable to a student than to an outsider.

XOXO by EXO free essay sample

The 12-member boy group EXO has finally released their first full-length album, â€Å"XOXO.† It was certainly worth the year-long wait fans had to endure. Released in June, â€Å"XOXO† comes in two versions: the Kiss version (in Korean) and the Hug version (in Mandarin). A photobook with pictures of the group members comes with each edition. The 60 pages of yearbook-style snapshots fit with the albums high-school theme. The first track – also the most heavily promoted – is â€Å"Wolf,† a song with a powerful mix of dubstep and hip-hop in which each member gets a chance to showcase his vocal strengths. The only major flaw, other than a nasally chant of â€Å"ah, sarangheyo† (â€Å"ah, I love you†) in the chorus, is the English. Because there is no â€Å"wo† sound in Korean, the word â€Å"wolf† sounds like â€Å"oolf.† In addition, the English lyrics are a little unusual, with one line translating to â€Å"Ill take you in one mouthful like cheese. We will write a custom essay sample on XOXO by EXO or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † The strongest part of the song makes up for it, however. In the chorus, band members Baekhyun and Chen seamlessly blend their voices as they hit an outstanding high note which is sure to give listeners chills. I think â€Å"My Lady† is the greatest track on the album, with outstanding instrumentals, powerful vocals, and a smooth rap section in the middle. â€Å"Baby, Dont Cry,† however, proves to be the best showcase for the singers talents. Tracks that arent stand-outs include â€Å"Baby† and â€Å"Dont Go,† which have generic slow pop tempos and light vocals. Other noteworthy tracks are â€Å"Black Pearl,† with an undertone of dubstep and explosive rapping and singing; â€Å"3.6.5,† a light and cheery song that will keep people bopping; and â€Å"Let Out the Beast,† which doesnt leave listeners behind during its rapid verses. Within the first week of its release, â€Å"XOXO† sold 300,000 copies around the world. The group won their first award on the music show â€Å"Music Bank† with â€Å"Wolf,† and continued to win three others. When they released the repackaged version of the album in August, the new promoted track â€Å"Growl† won 14 consecutive music show awards. Despite debuting a year ago, EXO has climbed to record-breaking heights that show they will be staying in the business for years to come. Youll find them growling through your headphones and into your heart if you decide to give this wonderful album a listen.

Snyder v Phelps Essays

Snyder v Phelps Essays Snyder v Phelps Essay Snyder v Phelps Essay Everyone is entitled to pattern their faith. Everyone has the right to voice their sentiment. The measure of rights provinces that this right could neer be taken off. but does it do it right for a individual to utilize this right to assail a individual? On March 3rd. 2006 a Marine. Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder. died of hurts sustained in a vehicle accident in Anbar state. Iraq. A hebdomad subsequently a funeral service was held in award of this fallen soldier in his hometown of Finksburg. Maryland. As the service began an accretion of people began to piece to riot with marks that say. Thank God for Dead Soldiers. The beginning of this disturbance all comes from the presence of one adult male and his fold. Pastor Fred Phelps and the Westboro Baptist church of Topeka. Kansas. The Westboro church’s actions all stemmed from Phelps and the church’s belief that God is penalizing the United States for leting homophiles into the military. although Lance Corporal Snyder was non homosexual. in fact. Phelps claims he was non aiming the household of the deceased but alternatively was aiming the U. S. Military. merely utilizing Snyder’s funeral as a forum for their protest. These actions carried on by the Westboro Baptist church are nil new to the populace ; the fold has made several visual aspects at funerals since 1955 doing major contentions throughout the universe. but Albert Snyder. the male parent of the asleep Marine decided to take legal action against the wrongdoers. by actioning the church. its Curate and his two girls. Cursing to the public Snyder stated that he wasn’t making it for the money. but wanted to hush the group. Snyder besides stated he was contending to protect the other households emotionally torn from the hurting inflicted by the Westboro church. as he himself felt his son’s memory was disrespected and privateness was evaded on. On February 4th 2008 the instance went to a District degree Court in Maryland which Judge Bennet ruled in favour of Snyder presenting him from a reduced five million dollars by using both federal constitutional and province common jurisprudence criterions to 2. million dollars emotional amendss caused by the church. Three yearss subsequently Phelps filed a statement to the Court of Appeals in the Fourth District On September 24th 2009. the appellant tribunal ruled in Phelps’s favour. siding with his right to pattern freedom of address and faith no affair how hideous. had been protected by the First Amendment. Snyder statement had besides been eakened because he did non really see the protest except for on telecasting. He didn’t even cognize it was traveling on until after the funeral already ended and had returned to his place and viewed it on the intelligence. Bing that both parties are reasoning from different provinces. the United States Supreme Court had to acquire involved. On March 2nd. 2011 The Supreme Court in an 8 to 1 decided. as did the Appellate tribunal sided with Phelps and his fold. The make up ones minding item the caused the determination was Phelps’s protest happening on a public pavement. and is speaking about issue that is good known to the populace. can non be held responsible for the emotional hurt that occurs as a consequence. had Snyder had been in position of Phelps’s protest he would hold been saw as an unwilling hearer to the hateful discourse. Catching up with Albert Snyder after the determination. he states. It’s over and he’s ready to travel on Snyder merely regrets non decently happening closing to son decease after contending a legal war for five old ages the Fred Phelps and his Party.